5 Common Behavioral Drugs Used for Cats

Cats are adorable, but sometimes their behavior leaves us scratching our heads. From stress-induced potty accidents to obsessive grooming, behavioral challenges can pop up in any feline household. The good news? If behavior modifications and environmental changes aren’t enough, veterinarians have a range of safe medications that can help. In this article, we’ll introduce you to five of the most common behavioral drugs used for cats, why they’re prescribed, and what pet parents should know.

1. Amitriptyline

Class: Tricyclic antidepressant

Used for:

• Anxiety
• Compulsive disorders (like obsessive grooming)
• Spraying or urine marking
• Psychogenic alopecia (hair loss from stress)
• Excessive vocalization

How is it given?

Amitriptyline is usually given by mouth at a dose of 0.5–2 mg/kg every 12–24 hours as advised by your veterinarian. It’s important for parents to follow their vet’s dosage instructions, as this drug affects the brain’s serotonin and norepinephrine to improve mood and reduce anxiety.

2. Fluoxetine

Class: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Used for:

• Anxiety
• Urine marking
• Compulsive disorders

How is it given?

The typical oral dose is 1–2 mg per cat every 12–24 hours (note: not based on weight). Fluoxetine is especially effective for unwanted urination and obsessive behaviors. Since it’s an SSRI (like human Prozac®), it should only be given under veterinary supervision.

3. Buspirone

Class: Azapirone antianxiety drug

Used for:

• Anxiety
• Urine marking

How is it given?

The recommended dose is 0.5–1 mg/kg orally every 12 hours. Buspirone is especially helpful for anxious cats who pee outside the litter box. It works by promoting a sense of calm without heavy sedation.

4. Gabapentin

Class/Mechanism: Its exact mechanism is unknown

Used for:

• Fear or anxiety, especially situational (vet visits, travel, new environments)

How is it given?

One of the most popular new options, gabapentin is given at 20 mg/kg by mouth, about one hour before a stressful event. It helps calm cats quickly and is typically used for one-time anxiety rather than long-term issues.

5. Acepromazine

Class: Phenothiazine tranquilizer

Used for:

• Sedation only (it does NOT treat anxiety directly)

How is it given?

This medication is given at 0.5–1 mg/kg by mouth every 6–8 hours. Keep in mind, it sedates but doesn’t actually reduce fears or anxiety. It’s usually recommended for procedures or travel, rather than everyday behavior problems.

Important Reminders for Cat Owners

• Never start, adjust, or stop your cat’s medication without veterinary guidance.
• Medications are just part of the solution—behavior training, environmental enrichment, and patience are equally important.
• Every cat responds differently, and side effects can occur.

If you’re struggling with a challenging kitty, don’t lose hope! Safe, effective solutions exist, and with the help of your veterinarian, your furry friend can enjoy a calmer, happier life.

For more pet care tips and expert advice, follow our blog or connect with a local veterinarian!